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Abraham Lincoln  ( / ˈ l ɪ ŋ k ən / ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer and statesman who served as the 16th  president of the United States  from 1861 until  his assassination  in 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the  American Civil War , the country's greatest moral, cultural, constitutional, and political crisis. He succeeded in preserving the  Union ,  abolishing   slavery , bolstering the  federal government , and modernizing the  U.S. economy . Lincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin and was raised on the  frontier  primarily in  Indiana . He was self-educated and became a lawyer,  Whig Party  leader,  Illinois  state  legislator , and U.S. Congressman  from Illinois . In 1849, he returned to his law practice but became vexed by the opening of additional lands to slavery as a result of the  Kansas–Nebraska Act . He reentered politics in 1854, b...